What happens to the gas pressure within a sealed gallon can when it is heated? When it is cooled? Why?

RESPOND to the following TEN Textbook Exercise questions:
Ch. 11: Exercise 18 Justify your response.
Ch. 12: Exercise 13 Justify your response.
Ch. 13: Exercises 11 “Compare” means state whether one “greater than,” “less than,” or “equal to” the other. Explain why.
Ch. 13: Exercise 14 Justify your response.
Ch. 14: Exercise 19
Ch. 15: Exercise 28
Ch. 16: Exercise 6
Ch. 17: Exercise 44 Review Ch 17 “Energy and Changes of Phase.” Do not refer to clouds in your response.
Ch. 18: Exercise 11
Ch. 18: Exercise 36 Review Ch 18 “Entropy.”
SHOW WORK. Include formulas and math, OR write explanations in complete sentences. Points are earned for correct explanations. Correct answers with no explanation or faulty explanations will earn zero points.

No credit will be earned for completing an unassigned Textbook questions.

Chapter 11
18. If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?

Chapter 12
13. Which has more mass, a liter of ice or a liter of water?

Chapter 13
11. How does water pressure 1 m beneath the surface of a lake compare with water pressure 1 m beneath the surface of a swimming pool?

14. A block of aluminum with a volume of is placed in a beaker of water filled to the brim. Water overflows. The same is done in another beaker with a 10- block of lead. Does the lead displace more, less, or the same amount of water?

Chapter 14

19. If you could somehow replace the mercury in a mercury barometer with a denser liquid, would the height of the liquid column be greater than or less than the height of the mercury? Why?

Chapter 15
28. Desert sand is very hot in the day and very cool at night. What does this indicate about its specific heat capacity?

Chapter 16
6. If you hold one end of a piece of metal against a piece of ice, the end in your hand soon becomes cold. Does cold flow from the ice to your hand? Explain.

Chapter 17
44. People who live where snowfall is common will tell you that air temperatures are higher when it’s snowing than when it’s clear. Some misinterpret this by stating that snowfall can’t occur on very cold days. Explain this misinterpretation.
Chapter 18
11. What happens to the gas pressure within a sealed gallon can when it is heated? When it is cooled? Why?

36. Is the total energy of the universe becoming more unavailable with time? Explain.