What are some potential problems with merit-based systems of hiring and promoting public employees?

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GRADING INFORMATION
These essays will be graded in a similar manner as the written assignments. An excellent essay will demonstrate the
following characteristics:
The essay thoroughly addresses all components of the question
The essay is focused on the topic of the question and contains few to no tangential discussions
The essay contains a smooth and logical progression of explanations and arguments
The overall readability of the essay is not diminished by mistakes of spelling or grammar
ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Explain the division of responsibilities between federal and state levels in regards to standardized testing under
No Child Left Behind (NCLB). What are some potential problems with this system?
2. Identify and explain at least two significant differences between Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
and Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF). Why is TANF considered to be better for states?
3. Explain the difference between direct and indirect subsidies. Identify and explain at least two ways that states
might use subsidies (either direct or indirect) as a means of promoting economic development.
4. Explain the general characteristics of the spoils system and merit system of public employment. What are some
potential problems with merit-based systems of hiring and promoting public employees?
5. Explain the significance of Federal drug sentencing laws (e.g. the Sentencing Act of 1984) for contemporary issues
of high incarceration rates. Identify and explain at least two examples of criminal justice reforms (at the state or
federal level) intended to deal with this issue.