Smoking status before onset of the present illness
Smoking status before onset of the present illness, lung cancer cases and matched controls with other diseases, 1948-1952
Cases Controls
Cigarette smoker
Non smoker
1,465 1,465
How representative of all persons with lung cancer are hospitalized patients with lung
cancer? [ONE POINT]
How representative of the general population without lung cancer are hospitalized
patients without lung cancer? [ONE POINT]
Estimate the odds ratio from the data in table 1 and interpret the odds ratio. [ONE POINT]
During July 2014, a county health department received reports of 12 new cases of measles. What additional information is needed to determine whether this group of cases is an outbreak? [ONE POINT]
What are the different types of screening programs? Give example of each type. [TWO POINTS]
What are the different types of biases that can occur in a screening program? [ONE POINT]
Data on 1075 male respondents to the 2003 Health Information National Trends
Study were collected from October 2002 to April 2003 and analyzed in 2008 to examine the associations among race/ethnicity, and the perception of the risk of developing prostate cancer for African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men aged ≥45 years without a history of prostate cancer.
– What study design is been used for this study? Why? [ONE POINT]
Patients were randomly assigned to the PRO-SELF intervention (n = 93) or standard care (n = 81). Patients in the standard care arm were seen by a research nurse three times and were called three times by phone between the home visits. PRO-SELF group patients were seen by specially trained intervention nurses and received a psychoeducational intervention, were taught how to use a pillbox, and were given written instructions on how to communicate with their physician about unrelieved pain and the need for changes in their analgesic prescriptions. Patients were coached during two follow-up home visits and three phone calls on how to improve their cancer pain management.
– What study design is been used for this study? Why? [ONE POINT]