Is the presentation order counterbalanced and if so what is the counterbalancing schedule?
The introduction for the study should briefly introduce the topic you wish to investigate, why it is important, what gaps still exist in our knowledge, and how your study will attempt to clarify the relationships between existing variables, thus closing these gaps in knowledge. Therefore, you should cite a few peer-reviewed studies on your topics that indicate work that is currently being conducted on the topic. Your introductory paragraphs should clearly indicate what you are interested in testing and why. Thus some background theory should be indicated, and especially, specific hypotheses should be identified. Outlining your hypotheses should lead clearly into a description of the methods for your experiment.
The Methods section for your experimental design will contain Participants, Materials and Procedure subsections. This is the most important part of the paper. Headings and subheadings must follow the APA format according to the new APA guidelines for a single experiment paper. Points will be deducted for improperly formatted papers. See below.
Consider who your participants will be – how are they recruited and assigned to conditions. What are the demographic restrictions? Justify your choice of participants. How many will be assigned to each group etc? How will you operationally define your IVs and Dvs? Obviously this information comprises the Participants subsection.
What materials will your study require, e.g. tests, apparatuses, caging, rewards etc.? Also you will clearly describe the step by step procedure in enough detail that your study could be replicated. If you presented the participants with music – where did you obtain your samples of music from? How were the samples chosen? How long were the segments of music that were played to the participants? On what kind of sound system? What is the testing environment like? These details will appear in your Materials subsection. If you used an existing questionnaire or survey you can cite the source for the survey you used. If you would have needed to create your own you dont need to develop an entire survey for the purpose of this assignment. You can simply describe how many questions would be on the survey, how it would be scored (e.g. likert scale, yes/no, open-ended etc – what would the total scores be out of and what would the scores indicate about your measure?), how long would it take to complete, and provide some sample questions in the appendix. Indicate what dimensions or aspects of personality or behavior are being measured by the questionnaire and if there is more than one scale.
In the Procedure subsection you will talk about exactly what happens to the participants. Will they be tested in your experiment individually or in groups? Will all groups be tested at the same time of day? How often? How are the instructions given? If they are taking a questionnaire is it mailed out to them or do they take it online or does a researcher read the questions and fill in the answers for them? If participants are being presented with various stimuli, indicate in what order the stimuli are being presented. Is the presentation order counterbalanced, and, if so, what is the counterbalancing schedule? You need to be so specific about every detail that another research can replicate your study exactly, or knows exactly why their results may differ from yours if they do things differently. Keep in mind how you will control for extraneous variables.