How does the structural difference between valine and glutamic lead to the improper folding of the hemoglobin protein?

1. The useful production of nuclear energy is accompanied by the production of radioactive decay that may be considered radioactive waste products. Consider the following products of a nuclear power plant: U-234, Th-230, Rn-222, and Ra-226. Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of each nuclide. 2. The half-life of a radioactive element is important when considering its application in medicine. For example, iodine-131 is often used in the imaging of the thyroid. The reason is that iodine is readily absorbed by the thyroid gland. Another reason is the short half-life of iodine131. I-131 gas has a half-life of 8.0 days. a. If you started with 5 x 1010 iodine atoms, how many are left after approximately 1 month? b. Why is it important that there will be very few I-131 left in your thyroid after 1 month of exposure? 1. The genetic blueprint of all living organism on Earth is encoded by DNA. That makes the study of DNA and their interaction with the environment especially important. To determine the possible interactions, you must first be able to recognize the functional groups that are present in a DNA structure. List all functional groups that are commonly found in uracil, guanine, cytosine, and tyrosine. 2. Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic defect whereby a persons red blood cell assumes a sickle-cell shape. This genetic defect involves the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position six of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin. To understand how this can produce a defective red blood cell, you must be able to recognize the structural differences between valine and glutamic acid. How does the structural difference between valine and glutamic lead to the improper folding of the hemoglobin protein?